点击选择搜索分类
首页 - 家庭园艺- 正文
☆☆☆☆☆
||
诺姆·乔姆斯基(Noam Chomsky) 著
出版社: 中国人民大学出版社 ISBN:9787300099743 版次:3 商品编码:10075140 包装:平装 丛书名: 国外语言学与应用语言学人大版影印文库 开本:16开 出版时间:2009-01-01 页数:190 正文语种:英语
Chapters 1-6 present Chomskys early work on the nature and acquisition of language as a genetically-endowed, biological system (Universal Grammar), the rules and principles of which we acquire as internalized knowledge (I-language). Over the past fifty years, this framework has sparked an explosion of inquiry into a wide range of languages, and has yielded some major theoretical questions. The final chapter revisits the key issues, reviewing the "biolinguistic" approach that has guided Chomsky s work from its origins to the present day, and raising some novel and exciting challenges for the study of language and mind.
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
1 Linguistic contributions to the study of mind: past
2 Linguistic contributions to the study of mind: present
3 Linguistic contributions to the study of mind: future
4 Form and meaning in natural languages
5 The formal nature of language
6 Linguistics and philosophy
7 Biolinguistics and the human capacity
Index
The effects of this familiarity of phenomena have often been discussed. Wolfgang K6hler, for example, has suggested that psychologists do not open up "entirely new territories" in the manner of the natural sciences, "simply because man was acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology.., because at the very beginning of their work there were no entirely unknown mental facts left which they could have discovered."1 The most elementary discoveries of classical physics have a certain shock value man has no intuition about elliptical orbits or the gravitational constant. But "mental facts" of even a much deeper sort cannot be "discovered" by the psychologist, because they are a matter of intuitive acquaintance and, once pointed out, are obvious.
There is also a more subtle effect. Phenomena can be so familiar that we really do not see them at all, a matter that has been much discussed by literary theorists and philosophers. For example, Viktor Shldovskij in the early 1920s developed the idea that the function of poetic art is that of "making strange" the object depicted. "People living at the seashore grow so accustomed to the murmur of the waves that they never hear it. By the same token, we scarcely ever hear the words which we utter... We look at each other, but we do not see each other any more. Our perception of the world has withered away; what has remained is mere recognition." Thus, the goal of the artist is to transfer what is depicted to the "sphere of new perception"; as an example, Shklovskij cites a story by Tolstoy in which social customs and institutions are "made strange" by the device of presenting them from the viewpoint of a narrator who happens to be a horse.
The dominant approach to questions of language and mind in the 1950s was that of the behavioral sciences. As the term indicates, the object of inquiry was taken to be behavior, or, for linguistics, the products of behavior: perhaps a corpus obtained from informants by the elicitation techniques taught in field methods courses. Linguistic theory consisted of procedures of analysis, primar- ily segmentation and classification, designed to organize a body of linguistic material, guided by limited assumptions about structural properties and their arrangement. The prominent linguist Martin Joos hardly exaggerated in a 1955 exposition when he identified the "decisive direction" of contemporary struc- tural linguistics as the decision that language can be "described without any preexistent scheme of what a language must be." Prevailing approaches in the behavioral sciences generally were not very different. Of course, no one accepted the incoherent notion of a "blank slate." But it was common to sup- pose that beyond some initial delimitation of properties detected in the environ- ment (a "quality space," in the framework of the highly influential philosopher W. V. O. Quine), general learning mechanisms of some kind should suffice to account for what organisms, including humans, know and do. Genetic endow- ment in these domains would not be expected to reach much beyond something like that.
国外语言学与应用语言学人大版影印文库:语言与心智(第3版) 电子书 下载 mobi epub pdf txt
国外语言学与应用语言学人大版影印文库:语言与心智(第3版)-so88
国外语言学与应用语言学人大版影印文库:语言与心智(第3版) pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2022
图书介绍
☆☆☆☆☆
||
诺姆·乔姆斯基(Noam Chomsky) 著
出版社: 中国人民大学出版社 ISBN:9787300099743 版次:3 商品编码:10075140 包装:平装 丛书名: 国外语言学与应用语言学人大版影印文库 开本:16开 出版时间:2009-01-01 页数:190 正文语种:英语
内容简介
This is the long-awaited third edition of Chomsky s outstanding collection of essays on Language and mind. The first six chapters, originally published in the 1960s, made a groundbreaking contribution to linguistic theory. This new edition complements them with an additional chapter and a new preface, bringing Chomsky s influential approach into the twenty-first century.Chapters 1-6 present Chomskys early work on the nature and acquisition of language as a genetically-endowed, biological system (Universal Grammar), the rules and principles of which we acquire as internalized knowledge (I-language). Over the past fifty years, this framework has sparked an explosion of inquiry into a wide range of languages, and has yielded some major theoretical questions. The final chapter revisits the key issues, reviewing the "biolinguistic" approach that has guided Chomsky s work from its origins to the present day, and raising some novel and exciting challenges for the study of language and mind.
目录
Preface to the third editionPreface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
1 Linguistic contributions to the study of mind: past
2 Linguistic contributions to the study of mind: present
3 Linguistic contributions to the study of mind: future
4 Form and meaning in natural languages
5 The formal nature of language
6 Linguistics and philosophy
7 Biolinguistics and the human capacity
Index
精彩书摘
One difficulty in the psychological sciences lies in the familiarity of the phenomena with which they deal. A certain intellectual effort is required to see how such phenomena can pose serious problems or call for intricate explanatory theories. One is inclined to take them for granted as necessary or somehow "natural."The effects of this familiarity of phenomena have often been discussed. Wolfgang K6hler, for example, has suggested that psychologists do not open up "entirely new territories" in the manner of the natural sciences, "simply because man was acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology.., because at the very beginning of their work there were no entirely unknown mental facts left which they could have discovered."1 The most elementary discoveries of classical physics have a certain shock value man has no intuition about elliptical orbits or the gravitational constant. But "mental facts" of even a much deeper sort cannot be "discovered" by the psychologist, because they are a matter of intuitive acquaintance and, once pointed out, are obvious.
There is also a more subtle effect. Phenomena can be so familiar that we really do not see them at all, a matter that has been much discussed by literary theorists and philosophers. For example, Viktor Shldovskij in the early 1920s developed the idea that the function of poetic art is that of "making strange" the object depicted. "People living at the seashore grow so accustomed to the murmur of the waves that they never hear it. By the same token, we scarcely ever hear the words which we utter... We look at each other, but we do not see each other any more. Our perception of the world has withered away; what has remained is mere recognition." Thus, the goal of the artist is to transfer what is depicted to the "sphere of new perception"; as an example, Shklovskij cites a story by Tolstoy in which social customs and institutions are "made strange" by the device of presenting them from the viewpoint of a narrator who happens to be a horse.
前言/序言
The first six chapters that follow are from the late 1960s, mostly based on talks for general university audiences, hence relatively informal. The final chapter is from 2004, based on a talk for a general audience. This recent essay reviews the "biolinguistic approach" that has guided this work from its origins half a century ago, some of the important developments of recent decades, and how the general approach looks today - to me at least.The dominant approach to questions of language and mind in the 1950s was that of the behavioral sciences. As the term indicates, the object of inquiry was taken to be behavior, or, for linguistics, the products of behavior: perhaps a corpus obtained from informants by the elicitation techniques taught in field methods courses. Linguistic theory consisted of procedures of analysis, primar- ily segmentation and classification, designed to organize a body of linguistic material, guided by limited assumptions about structural properties and their arrangement. The prominent linguist Martin Joos hardly exaggerated in a 1955 exposition when he identified the "decisive direction" of contemporary struc- tural linguistics as the decision that language can be "described without any preexistent scheme of what a language must be." Prevailing approaches in the behavioral sciences generally were not very different. Of course, no one accepted the incoherent notion of a "blank slate." But it was common to sup- pose that beyond some initial delimitation of properties detected in the environ- ment (a "quality space," in the framework of the highly influential philosopher W. V. O. Quine), general learning mechanisms of some kind should suffice to account for what organisms, including humans, know and do. Genetic endow- ment in these domains would not be expected to reach much beyond something like that.
国外语言学与应用语言学人大版影印文库:语言与心智(第3版) 电子书 下载 mobi epub pdf txt
电子书下载地址:
相关电子书推荐:
- 文件名
- (青少年“海洋梦”系列丛书)北海浩歌——海洋生态与文明 9787565024153
- 正版惠微反应心理学9787106046859裴玲
- BF-毒物管理史-世界毒物全史-71-80卷-史志诚 西北大学出版社 9787560438
- 几何量公差与检测(第10版)/互换性与测量技术基础教材·世纪出版精品教材
- 科普图书馆 了不起的动物世界:大洋洲奇迹
- 国外计算机科学教材系列:数据结构与算法分析(C++版)(第3版)
- 满58包邮 未来架构师(上、下) 9787540783747 《未来架构师》节目组著 漓
- 健康评估(第4版 供本科护理学类专业用 配增值)/全国高等学校教材
- 奥秘探索 世界奇闻怪事 9787558115424 徐志晶-RT
- 幸福需要的钱,远比你想象得少 9787551136112
- {RT}从繁星到露珠:一次探索自然的发现之旅:Mit 120 Phanomenen Und
- 幸福心理学
- 漫画科学系列--跳入超酷的力和运动世界
- 偷心:为什么爱情总让人如此疯狂 9787510449567 新世界出版社
- “人与地球的明天”科普书系 大地之美:千姿百态的地貌 北京出版集团公司,北京出版社